DetNet

Reliable and Available Wireless (RAW) extends the reliability and availability of Deterministic Networking (DetNet) to networks composed of any combination of wired and wireless segments. The RAW architecture leverages and extends RFC 8655 ("Deterministic Networking Architecture") to adapt to challenges that prominently affect the wireless medium, notably intermittent transmission loss. This document defines a network control loop that optimizes the use of constrained bandwidth and energy while ensuring the expected DetNet services. The loop involves a new Point of Local Repair (PLR) function in the DetNet Service sub-layer that dynamically selects the DetNet path(s) for packets to route around local connectivity degradation.

This document surveys the short- and middle-range radio technologies over which providing Deterministic Networking (DetNet), and more specifically, Reliable and Available Wireless (RAW) service is suitable. It also presents the characteristics that RAW may leverage and explores the applicability of the technologies to carry deterministic flows, as of the time of publication. The studied technologies are Wi-Fi 6/7, Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH), 3GPP 5G, and L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS).

The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) (RFC 6550) enables data packet routing along a Destination-Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG). However, the default route establishment mechanism relies on hop-by-hop forwarding along the DODAG, which may not always provide optimal routing efficiency. This document introduces the concept of Destination Advertisement Object (DAO) Projection, a mechanism that allows a RPL Root or an external controller to install optimized routes within the RPL domain. DAO Projections enable the creation of optimized unicast or multicast routes that do not strictly follow the DODAG structure, thereby improving routing efficiency, reliability, availability, and resource utilization in the RPL domain. This document specifies two types of Projected Routes (P-Routes) -- Storing Mode and Non-Storing Mode -- and outlines the signaling procedures necessary to establish, maintain, and remove these routes. This document updates RFCs 6550, 6553, and 8138.

This document provides a framework overview for the Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Controller Plane. It discusses concepts and requirements for the DetNet Controller Plane, which could be the basis for a future solution specification.

This document contains the specification for the Deterministic Networking (DetNet) YANG data model for configuration and operational data for DetNet flows. The model allows the provisioning of an end-to-end DetNet service on devices along the path without depending on any signaling protocol. It also specifies operational status for flows.

The YANG module defined in this document conforms to the Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA).

This document discusses the use of existing IP Operations, Administration, and Maintenance protocols and mechanisms in Deterministic Networking networks that use the IP data plane.

This document describes how the DetNet IP data plane can support the Packet Replication, Elimination, and Ordering Functions (PREOF) built on the existing MPLS PREOF solution defined for the DetNet MPLS data plane and the mechanisms defined by MPLS-over-UDP technology.

The replication and elimination functions of the Deterministic Networking (DetNet) architecture can result in out-of-order packets, which is not acceptable for some time-sensitive applications. The Packet Ordering Function (POF) algorithms described in this document enable restoration of the correct packet order when the replication and elimination functions are used in DetNet networks. The POF only provides ordering within the latency bound of a DetNet flow; it does not provide any additional reliability.

Deterministic Networking (DetNet), as defined in RFC 8655, aims to provide bounded end-to-end latency on top of the network infrastructure, comprising both Layer 2 bridged and Layer 3 routed segments. This document's primary purpose is to detail the specific requirements of the Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) recommended to maintain a deterministic network. The document will be used in future work that defines the applicability of and extension of OAM protocols for a deterministic network. With the implementation of the OAM framework in DetNet, an operator will have a real-time view of the network infrastructure regarding the network's ability to respect the Service Level Objective (SLO), such as packet delay, delay variation, and packet-loss ratio, assigned to each DetNet flow.

This document defines format and usage principles of the Deterministic Networking (DetNet) service Associated Channel over a DetNet network with the MPLS data plane. The DetNet service Associated Channel can be used to carry test packets of active Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) protocols that are used to detect DetNet failures and measure performance metrics.

The wireless medium presents significant specific challenges to achieve properties similar to those of wired deterministic networks. At the same time, a number of use cases cannot be solved with wires and justify the extra effort of going wireless. This document presents wireless use cases (such as aeronautical communications, amusement parks, industrial applications, pro audio and video, gaming, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) control, edge robotics, and emergency vehicles), demanding reliable and available behavior.

This document gives an overview of the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS) architecture, which provides a secure, scalable, and spectrum-efficient terrestrial data link for civil aviation. LDACS is a scheduled and reliable multi-application cellular broadband system with support for IPv6. It is part of a larger shift of flight guidance communication moving to IP-based communication. High reliability and availability of IP connectivity over LDACS, as well as security, are therefore essential. The intent of this document is to introduce LDACS to the IETF community, raise awareness on related activities inside and outside of the IETF, and to seek expertise in shaping the shift of aeronautics to IP.

This document presents a timing model for sources, destinations, and Deterministic Networking (DetNet) transit nodes. Using the model, it provides a methodology to compute end-to-end latency and backlog bounds for various queuing methods. The methodology can be used by the management and control planes and by resource reservation algorithms to provide bounded latency and zero congestion loss for the DetNet service.

This document specifies the Deterministic Networking data plane when encapsulating IP over an MPLS packet-switched network.

A DetNet (deterministic network) provides specific performance guarantees to its data flows, such as extremely low data loss rates and bounded latency (including bounded latency variation, i.e., "jitter"). As a result, securing a DetNet requires that in addition to the best practice security measures taken for any mission-critical network, additional security measures may be needed to secure the intended operation of these novel service properties.

This document addresses DetNet-specific security considerations from the perspectives of both the DetNet system-level designer and component designer. System considerations include a taxonomy of relevant threats and attacks, and associations of threats versus use cases and service properties. Component-level considerations include ingress filtering and packet arrival-time violation detection.

This document also addresses security considerations specific to the IP and MPLS data plane technologies, thereby complementing the Security Considerations sections of those documents.

This document specifies the Deterministic Networking IP data plane when operating over a Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) sub-network. This document does not define new procedures or processes. Whenever this document makes statements or recommendations, these are taken from normative text in the referenced RFCs.

This document specifies the Deterministic Networking data plane when Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) networks are interconnected over a DetNet MPLS network.

This document specifies the Deterministic Networking (DetNet) MPLS data plane when operating over an IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) sub-network. This document does not define new procedures or processes. Whenever this document makes statements or recommendations, they are taken from normative text in the referenced RFCs.

This document specifies the MPLS Deterministic Networking (DetNet) data plane operation and encapsulation over an IP network. The approach is based on the operation of MPLS-over-UDP technology.

This document describes the flow and service information model for Deterministic Networking (DetNet). These models are defined for IP and MPLS DetNet data planes.

This document specifies the Deterministic Networking (DetNet) data plane when operating over an MPLS Packet Switched Network. It leverages existing pseudowire (PW) encapsulations and MPLS Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) encapsulations and mechanisms. This document builds on the DetNet architecture and data plane framework.

This document provides an overall framework for the Deterministic Networking (DetNet) data plane. It covers concepts and considerations that are generally common to any DetNet data plane specification. It describes related Controller Plane considerations as well.

This document specifies the Deterministic Networking (DetNet) data plane operation for IP hosts and routers that provide DetNet service to IP-encapsulated data. No DetNet-specific encapsulation is defined to support IP flows; instead, the existing IP-layer and higher-layer protocol header information is used to support flow identification and DetNet service delivery. This document builds on the DetNet architecture (RFC 8655) and data plane framework (RFC 8938).

This document provides the overall architecture for Deterministic Networking (DetNet), which provides a capability to carry specified unicast or multicast data flows for real-time applications with extremely low data loss rates and bounded latency within a network domain. Techniques used include 1) reserving data-plane resources for individual (or aggregated) DetNet flows in some or all of the intermediate nodes along the path of the flow, 2) providing explicit routes for DetNet flows that do not immediately change with the network topology, and 3) distributing data from DetNet flow packets over time and/or space to ensure delivery of each packet's data in spite of the loss of a path. DetNet operates at the IP layer and delivers service over lower-layer technologies such as MPLS and Time- Sensitive Networking (TSN) as defined by IEEE 802.1.

This paper documents the needs in various industries to establish multi-hop paths for characterized flows with deterministic properties.

This document presents use cases for diverse industries that have in common a need for "deterministic flows". "Deterministic" in this context means that such flows provide guaranteed bandwidth, bounded latency, and other properties germane to the transport of time-sensitive data. These use cases differ notably in their network topologies and specific desired behavior, providing as a group broad industry context for Deterministic Networking (DetNet). For each use case, this document will identify the use case, identify representative solutions used today, and describe potential improvements that DetNet can enable.